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|本期目录/Table of Contents|

 神经多样性视域下的自闭症谱系障碍(PDF)

《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]

期数:
 2025年05期
页码:
 404-410
栏目:
 
出版日期:
 2025-10-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
 Reframing Autism Spectrum Disorder through Neurodiversity
文章编号:
1003-5184(2025)05-0404-07
作者:
 苏佳佳1; 2; 叶浩生2
 (1.江苏第二师范学院教育科学学院,南京 211200; 2.广州大学具身认知研究中心,广州 510006)
Author(s):
 Su Jiajia1; 2; Ye Haosheng2
 (1.School of Educational Science,Jiangsu Second Normal University,Nanjing 211200; 2.The Center for Embodied Cognition of Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006)
关键词:
 神经多样性;  自闭症谱系障碍;  心理干预新策略;  适应性支持;  具身认知
Keywords:
 neurodiversity;  autism spectrum disorder(ASD);  new psychological intervention strategies;  adaptive support;  embodied cognition
分类号:
 B8409
DOI:
 -
文献标识码:
 A
摘要:
 近年来,神经多样性思潮兴起,为自闭症(ASD)研究提供了新的视角。首先,文章分析了传统缺陷模型到认知多样性模型的转变,强调ASD在信息加工、模式识别和专注力等方面的优势。其次,ASD在情绪识别、表达及调节策略方面具有非典型特征,提出了基于神经多样性的适应性支持方案,包括创建感官友好的环境和发展个性化情绪调节策略及自我刺激行为的接纳。随后,讨论了ASD的社会认知,指出传统心理理论(心理理论缺陷假说、社交动机假说和共同注意发展障碍假说)的局限性,并从神经多样性视角重新审视其社交方式。心理干预层面,本文探讨了心理干预模式从矫正性治疗向适应性支持(如接纳与承诺疗法、正念干预和亲子互动疗法)转变的趋势; 社会支持层面,ASD个体的社会支持策略提升需要心理教育。文章最后提出,未来自闭症研究方向应将神经多样性与具身认知融合。
Abstract:
 Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication,cognitive processing,and behavioral patterns.Traditional psychological and medical models often regard ASD as a pathological condition requiring correction and treatment,with research primarily focusing on deficits in social cognition,executive function impairments,and behavioral interventions.However,in recent years,the emergence of the Neurodiversity theory has provided a new perspective on ASD research.This theory posits that neurological diversity is a natural part of human variation,rather than a pathological abnormality.ASD individuals exhibit unique cognitive strengths in certain domains,but these advantages are often overlooked within the traditional pathological framework.Against this backdrop,this study explores the cognitive styles,social cognition characteristics,emotional regulation patterns,and psychological intervention strategies of ASD individuals within the Neurodiversity framework.Firstly,the paper examines the shift from the traditional deficit model to the cognitive diversity model,emphasizing ASD individuals’ strengths in information processing,pattern recognition,and attentional focus.Secondly,it discusses the social cognition characteristics of ASD individuals,highlighting the limitations of traditional psychological theories such as the Theory of Mind(ToM)Deficit Hypothesis and the Social Motivation Hypothesis while reinterpreting ASD social behavior from a neurodiversity perspective.The study then analyzes the atypical features of ASD individuals in emotion recognition,expression,and regulation strategies,proposing adaptive support strategies based on neurodiversity,including sensory-friendly environments,personalized emotion regulation strategies,and acceptance of self-stimulatory behaviors.Finally,this paper examines the evolution of psychological intervention models,noting a shift from corrective treatments(e.g.,ABA,CBT)to adaptive support approaches(e.g.,ACT,mindfulness-based interventions,and parent-mediated interventions).Additionally,enhancing ASD individuals’ self-regulation abilities requires psychoeducation.Incorporating Embodied Cognition theory,the study suggests that future psychology research should focus on optimizing environments,adjusting sensory inputs,and enhancing embodied experiences to facilitate better societal adaptation for ASD individuals.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
 -
更新日期/Last Update:  2025-10-20