四卡问题解决中的匹配偏向再探(PDF)
《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]
- 期数:
- 2006年26卷01期
- 页码:
- 39
- 栏目:
- 学校与认知心理学
- 出版日期:
- 2006-01-01
文章信息/Info
- Title:
- Matching Bias in the Selection Task
- 作者:
- 邱 江 杨 娟 张庆林
- 西南大学心理学院，重庆400715
- Author(s):
- Qiu Jiang; Yang Juan; Zhang Qinglin
- School of Psychology Southwest University，Chongqing400715
- Keywords:
- the selection task; logical rule; matching bias
- 分类号:
- B842.5
- DOI:
- -
- 文献标识码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 选取经典的四卡问题作为实验材料，深入探讨了“综合考虑证真证伪作用”的提 示以及逻辑分析过程对被试解决四卡问题不能产生促进效应的原因。结果发现:（1）多数被 试能对卡片P和-Q进行正确的逻辑推断，但是最后却仍然倾向于选择卡片Q而非-Q，这种错误 并非是由于附加的认知任务使得被试的短时记忆容量超载所致。（2）元音偶数组与元音非偶 数组的被试对四张卡片作出正确逻辑推断的人数百分比基本一致，但是后者选择P-Q的人数百 分比却显著高于前者，这表明多数被试似乎并不依据逻辑分析的结果及其命题检验的规则来 作出选择，而是采用匹配策略，错误地选择了Q卡片。
- Abstract:
- This article selected classical selection task and studied causes o f having no effect on undergraduate cognitive process by providing the hint of‘ thinking synthetically about the function of confirmation and negation’and anal yzing the effect of every card in verification the propoˉsition on resolving it .The results indicated that:（1）many subjects could deduce the function of card P and card-Q but they still selected the card Q.The reason of itwas not that th e additional cognitive tasks surcharged the capacity of subjects’working memory .（2）the percentage of correctly logical analysis of four cards were nearly sam e between the vowel-even number group and vowel-not even number group，but the l atter’s percentage of selection card P and-Qwas significantly higher than front ’s.This suggested that many subjects selected card not by the results of logica l analysis and rules of testing of proposition but selected card Q mistakenly ac cording to matching bias.
参考文献/References
1 张庆林，杨雄.四卡问题的内容促进效应的实验研究.心理科学，1997，20（4）:311 -313. 2 王，汪安圣.认知心理学.北京:北京大学出版社，1992.321-327. 3 Cheng P W，Holyoak K J.Pragmatic reasoning schemas.Cogˉ nitive Psychology，1985，17:391-416. 4 Evans B T.Matching bias in conditiona l reasoning:Do we unˉderstand it after25years?Thinking&Reasoning，1998，4:45-82 . 5 张庆林，杨雄.大学生解决四卡问题的叙述理由效应.心理学报，1998，30（3）:348- 351. 6 Evans B T，Lynch J S.Matching bias in the selection task.British Journal o f Psychology，1973，64:391-397. 7 Evans B T.Logic and Human Reasoning:An Assessment of the Deduction Paradig m.PsychologicalBulletin，2002，128（6）:978-996. 8 刘永芳，Gigerenzer G.快速节俭启发式———基于有限理性和生态理性的简单决策规 则.心理科学，2003，26（1）:56-59.
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更新日期/Last Update: 2009-02-02