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|本期目录/Table of Contents|

 人工智能的道德主体性及其责任归属(PDF)

《心理学探新》[ISSN:1003-5184/CN:36-1228/B]

期数:
 2025年04期
页码:
 300-308
栏目:
 
出版日期:
 2025-08-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
 Moral Agency and Responsibility Attribution of Artificial Intelligence
文章编号:
1003-5184(2025)04-0300-09
作者:
 王小桃1; 2; 张 璟1; 张凤华1; 董圣鸿1
 (1.江西师范大学心理学院,南昌 330022; 2.江西师范大学心理健康教育研究中心,南昌 330022)
Author(s):
 Wang Xiaotao1; 2; Zhang Jing1; Zhang Fenghua1; Dong Shenghong1
 (1.School of Psychology,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022; 2.Center of Mental Health Education and Research,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)
关键词:
 人工智能;  道德主体;  道德归责;  心智感知;  道德心理学
Keywords:
 artificial intelligence;  moral agency;  moral responsibility attribution;  mind perception;  moral psychology
分类号:
 B848
DOI:
 -
文献标识码:
 A
摘要:
 随着人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI),尤其是生成式AI技术的迅猛发展,其在道德决策与人机互动中的作用日益凸显,引发了心理学领域对AI是否具备道德主体性(moral agency)的广泛关注。本文首先梳理了AI作为道德主体时的道德表现,涵盖如算法偏见之类的隐性道德行为,以及在道德困境中所展现的显性道德行为。其次,文章系统回顾了当前关于人类对AI进行道德归责的研究进展,主要聚集于三个方面:AI是否应该被视为可归责主体; 人们对AI与人类行为者进行道德归责时存在非对称性; 以及影响人们对AI进行道德归责的心理与社会因素。最后,文章提出未来可从三个方向展开更为深入的探讨:一是深入解析生成式AI在道德判断中的决策机制; 二是系统探索人类对AI道德反应偏差的认知根源; 三是探讨AI引发的责任缺口现象背后的心理与社会机制。综上,对AI的道德行为研究拓展了心理学对道德认知和归责机制的研究视野,也对未来AI系统的公平性和伦理治理提出了新的挑战和机遇。
Abstract:
 With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI),especially generative AI technologies,its role in moral decision-making and human-AI interactions has become increasingly prominent.This development has sparked widespread interest in psychology regarding whether AI can be considered a moral agency.This paper first outlines the moral behaviors exhibited by AI,including implicit moral actions such as algorithmic bias and explicit moral actionssuch as decision-making in moral dilemmas.Secondly,it systematically reviews current research on responsibility attribution to AI,focusing on three main areas:whether AI should be considered a morally accountable agent; the asymmetry in moral responsibility attribution between AI and human actors; and the psychological and social factors influencing moral judgement of AI behaviors.Finally,the paper proposes three directions for future research:(1)in-depth analysis of the decision-making mechanisms underlying moral judgments in generative AI;(2)systematic exploration of the cognitive mechanisms behind human biases in moral attribution to AI; and(3)investigation of the psychological and social mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of responsibility gaps caused by AI.In conclusion,the study of AI’s moral behavior broadens the psychological understanding of moral cognition and responsibility attribution,while presenting new challenges and opportunities for fairness and ethical governance in future AI systems.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
 基金项目:江西省高校人文社会科学基地项目(Jd19063),江西省社会科学规划项目(21JY09),江西省教育科学规划项目(21ZD021)。
通信作者:董圣鸿,E-mail:shdong@jxnu.edu.cn。
更新日期/Last Update:  2025-08-30